linux:commandes_utiles:find []

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====== Linux ======

===== FIND =====
\\ 
==== Syntaxe ====
<code bash>
$ find [path...] [options] [expression]

# exemple avec wildcard '*'
$ find . -name "*.txt"
</code>
=== Options ===
^Option	^Example	^Description ^
|<color #22b14c>**-type**</color>*	|find . -type d	|Find only directories|
|<color #22b14c>-name</color>	|find . -type f -name "*.txt"	|Find file by name|
|<color #22b14c>-iname</color>	|find . -type f -iname "hello"	|Find file by name (case-insensitive)|
|<color #22b14c>**-size**</color>*	|find . -size +1G	|Find files larger than 1G|
|<color #22b14c>-user</color>	|find . -type d -user jack	|Find jack's file|
|<color #22b14c>-regex</color>	|find /var -regex '.*/tmp/.*[0-9]*.file'	|Using Regex with find|
|<color #22b14c>-maxdepth</color>	|find . -maxdepth 1 -name "a.txt"	|In the current directory and subdirectories|
|<color #22b14c>-mindepth</color>	|find / -mindepth 3 -maxdepth 5 -name pass	|Between sub-directory level 2 and 4|

^Option -type ^Type de fichier ^
|<color #22b14c>-type d</color>	|Directory |
|<color #22b14c>-type f</color>	|File |
|<color #22b14c>-type l</color>	|Symbolic link |
|<color #22b14c>-type b</color>	|Buffered block |
|<color #22b14c>-type c</color>	|Unbuffered character |
|<color #22b14c>-type p</color>	|Named pipe |
|<color #22b14c>-type s</color>	|Socket |

^Option -size ^Unité ^
|<color #22b14c>-size b</color>	|512-byte blocks (default) |
|<color #22b14c>-size c</color>	|Bytes |
|<color #22b14c>-size k</color>	|Kilobytes |
|<color #22b14c>-size M</color>	|Megabytes |
|<color #22b14c>-size G</color>	|Gigabytes |
\\ 
----
==== Généralités ====
=== size ===
<code bash>#Find all bigger than 10MB files
$ find / -size +10M

#Find all smaller than 10MB files
$ find / -size -10M

#Find all files that are exactly 10M
$ find / -size 10M

#Find Size between 100MB and 1GB
$ find / -size +100M -size -1G</code>

The + and - prefixes signify greater than and less than, as usual.
\\ \\ 

=== name / iname ===
<code bash>
# Find files using name in current directory
$ find . -name tecmint.txt

# Find files under home directory
$ find /home -name tecmint.txt

# Find files using name and ignoring case
$ find /home -iname tecmint.txt

# Find directories using name
$ find / -type d -name tecmint

# Find php files using name
$ find . -type f -name tecmint.php

# Find all php files in directory
$ find . -type f -name "*.php"

# Multiple filenames
$ find . -type f \( -name "*.sh" -o -name "*.txt" \)

# Multiple dirs
$ find /opt /usr /var -name foo.scala -type f
</code>
\\ 
=== permissions ===
<code bash>
# Find the files whose permissions are 777.
$ find . -type f -perm 0777 -print

# Find the files without permission 777.
$ find / -type f ! -perm 777

# Find SUID set files.
$ find / -perm /u=s

# Find SGID set files.
$ find / -perm /g=s

# Find Read Only files.
$ find / -perm /u=r

# Find Executable files.
$ find / -perm /a=x
</code>
\\ 
=== owners and Groups ===
<code bash>
# Find single file based on user
$ find / -user root -name tecmint.txt

# Find all files based on user
$ find /home -user tecmint

# Find all files based on group
$ find /home -group developer

# Find particular files of user
$ find /home -user tecmint -iname "*.txt"
</code>
\\ 
=== empty ===
<code bash>
# Find all empty directories
$ find . -type d -empty

# Delete all empty files in a directory
$ find . -type f -empty -delete
</code>
\\ 
----
==== Date & Time ====
^Option ^Description ^
|atime	|access time (last time file opened) |
|mtime	|modified time (last time file contents was modified) |
|ctime	|changed time (last time file inode was changed) |
^Example ^^
|-mtime +0	|Modified greater than 24 hours ago |
|-mtime 0	|Modified between now and 1 day ago |
|-mtime -1	|Modified less than 1 day ago (same as -mtime 0) |
|-mtime 1	|Modified between 24 and 48 hours ago |
|-mtime +1	|Modified more than 48 hours ago |
|-mtime +1w	|Last modified more than 1 week ago |
|-atime 0	|Last accessed between now and 24 hours ago |
|-atime +0	|Accessed more than 24 hours ago |
|-atime 1	|Accessed between 24 and 48 hours ago |
|-atime +1	|Accessed more than 48 hours ago |
|-atime -1	|Accessed less than 24 hours ago (same as -atime 0) |
|-ctime -6h30m	|File status changed within the last 6 hours and 30 minutes |
<code bash>
# Find last 50 days modified files
$ find / -mtime 50

# find last 50 days accessed files
$ find / -atime 50

# find last 50-100 days modified files
$ find / -mtime +50 –mtime -100

# find changed files in last 1 hour
$ find / -cmin -60

# find modified files in last 1 hour
$ find / -mmin -60

# find accessed files in last 1 hour
$ find / -amin -60
</code>
\\ 
----
==== Find and... ====
=== Find and delete ===
<code bash>
# Find and remove multiple files
$ find . -type f -name "*.mp3" -exec rm -f {} \;

# Find and remove single file
$ find . -type f -name "tecmint.txt" -exec rm -f {} \;

# Find and delete 100mb files
$ find / -type f -size +100m -exec rm -f {} \;

# Find specific files and delete
$ find / -type f -name *.mp3 -size +10m -exec rm {} \;
</code>

=== Find and copy ===
<code bash>
# Find and copy it to a specific directory
$ find . -name '*2020*.xml' -exec cp -r "{}" /tmp/backup \;
</code>

=== Find and sort ===
<code bash>
$ find . -printf "%T+\t%p\n" | sort
$ find . -printf "%T+\t%p\n" | sort -r
</code>

=== Find and tar ===
<code bash>
$ find . -type f -name "*.java" | xargs tar cvf myfile.tar
$ find . -type f -name "*.java" | xargs tar rvf myfile.tar
</code>

=== Find and replace ===
<code bash>
$ find ./ -type f -exec sed -i 's/find/replace/g' {} \;
$ find ./ -type f -readable -writable -exec sed -i "s/old/new/g" {} \;
</code>

=== Find and rename ===
<code bash>
$ find . -type f -name 'file*' -exec mv {} {}_renamed \;
$ find . -type f -name 'file*' -exec sh -c 'x="{}"; mv "$x" "${x}.bak"' \;
</code>

=== Find and move ===
<code bash>
$ find . -name '*.mp3' -exec mv {} /tmp/music \;
</code>

=== Find and concatenate ===
<code bash>
$ find download -type f -iname '*.csv' | xargs cat > merged.csv
$ find download -type f -name '*.gz' -exec cat {} \; > output
</code>

=== Find and chmod ===
<code bash>
# Find files and set permissions to 644.
$ find / -type f -perm 0777 -print -exec chmod 644 {} \;

# Find directories and set permissions to 755.
$ find / -type d -perm 777 -print -exec chmod 755 {} \;
</code>
\\ 
----
==== Exemples ====
  * Liste de fichiers de moins de 30 jours, ordonnée par date dans le répertoire spécifié seulement
<code bash>
$ find ./* -prune -name "*<chaine>*" -mtime 30 | xargs -exec ls -ltr
</code>
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